The Supreme Court took a major swipe at crime victim’s rights recently. In Giles v. California, the Supreme Court held that a crime victim’s report of a prior incident of assault by her husband could not be used against him in a subsequent trial of him for her murder a short time later. The decision struck down a California rule that provided that prior statements made to the police could be used against a defendant if the defendant’s conduct had caused the victim to be unavailable for trial.
This is a common occurrence in domestic violence cases, where defendants often terrorize their victims before trial (or, in extreme cases, even kill them) to prevent them from testifying. Contrary to common sense, the Court held that the prosecutor had to prove that the defendant’s actions were INTENDED to cause the victim to “not be available to testify” not merely that they actually caused the victim to be unavailable. In essence, the decision forces the prosecutor to go into the defendant’s head and see what his intent was when terrorizing the victim.
I have no objection to the general rule requiring the prosecutor to present the witnesses for cross-examination by the defendant in his criminal trial. The right to confront witnesses lies at the heart of the American justice system. However, when the defendant causes the absence of the victim by his conduct, he forfeits that right. In fact, that’s the name of the doctrine - forfeiture by wrongdoing. The ultimate expression of this utter contempt for the law occurs when a defendant kills the victim of an earlier crime.
This decision beggars the imagination. How could a man accused of assaulting his wife have had any other intent than to prevent her from pressing charges when he killed her? What’s his defense of that conduct supposed to be? “Oh, I knew that she had reported me to the police for a violent crime, but that’s not why I killed her. I just did it on a lark.”
The decision essentially overturns Oregon’s policy of allowing the statements of a dead or missing victim solely on the basis of the defendant’s having caused the absence, without the requirement to show that the defendant intended to cause the absence. For instance, I once showed that the defendant had threatened the victim with the kidnapping of their children while trial was pending. The defendant never came out and said “If you testify, you will never see your child again,” but, under the circumstances, what else could, “You will never see your child again” mean?
This absurd decision shows just how far “strict constructionist” judges will stray from reality. Judges should not legislate from the bench, but they should interpret the law based on the facts of our society as it exists. It demonstrates a way of thinking that does not acknowledge any interpretation of the language of the Constitution in light of the facts of modern society. It puts domestic violence victims at a much increased risk of death at the hands of their intimate partners and undermines the rule of law in our society. For us, it shows us the importance of electing leaders who will appoint and confirm judges willing to interpret the law in the light of our present society, not in the light of a white male landowner dominated agrarian society where women were treated as the property of their husbands.